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If you have ever seen the curved pipe beneath the sink, that is the drain riser. It can hold a small amount of water to prevent the smell of sewage from entering the house. There are mainly two types of risers - P type and S type, and they cannot be used interchangeably. Choosing the wrong type can lead to subsequent problems.
The shape tells everything
The P type elbow first bends downward, then upward, and then horizontally from the wall outlet. From the side view, it roughly looks like a horizontal "P" shape. The S type elbow first bends downward, then upward, then bends downward again, and finally from the ground outlet. It looks like an "S" shape. This direction of the outlet - between the wall and the floor - is the key difference, and its determination depends on the outlet position of the drain pipe, not personal preference.
Why do S type traps have a bad reputation
In many countries, including most of the United States and Europe, the use of S type trap is prohibited in new buildings. The reason is the siphon effect: as the pipe extends downward, when the water flows rapidly, the water seal is pulled out directly. Once the water seal falls off, the sewage gas can flow freely into the house. You may not notice it until you smell the odor. And the P type trap has a horizontal extension, which can naturally break the siphon effect and keep the water seal intact.
Which one do you need?
Look at the outlet position of the drain pipe from the wall or floor. If the drain pipe extends horizontally from the wall, a P type elbow is needed; if the drain pipe extends vertically from the floor, theoretically an S type elbow is needed, but a better solution is to install an exhaust valve or adjust the pipe direction as much as possible. In old residential buildings built before modern standards, S type elbows were more common, as long as they do not fail in sealing due to low usage frequency, they can still be used normally.
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If you recently purchased brass valves, faucets or pipe fittings, they are likely to have come from Yuhuan, a county-level city in Zhejiang Province, China.
This city is not widely known in the industry, but it is well-known in the plumbing and piping sector.
Why can this place produce so many brass hardware products worldwide?
Decades of specialized focus
Yuhuan did not stumble into the brass fittings industry by chance. The local industry began in the 1970s and 1980s, when some small family workshops started producing basic pipe components. Over the following decades, this expertise accumulated. Factories were equipped with more advanced equipment, and workers passed on their skills to the next generation. The entire supply chain developed around brass - raw material suppliers, mold workshops, surface treatment suppliers, etc. were all concentrated in the same area. Such a deep level of specialization is difficult to replicate elsewhere.
Complete supply chain right at your fingertips
One of Yuhuan's greatest advantages is that almost all the materials and equipment needed to produce brass pipe fittings are concentrated in a nearby factory complex. Copper, zinc suppliers, casting workshops, CNC processing centers, electroplating facilities, and packaging companies are all located nearby. This significantly shortens the delivery cycle and makes it easier to quickly iterate designs or promptly address quality issues. For buyers, this means more competitive prices - without the long supply chain pushing up costs at every step.
Years of accumulated export experience
Yuhuan factories have long exported products to Europe, the United States, and the Middle East, which means many factories are already familiar with international certifications, packaging requirements, and the thinking patterns of buyers in different markets. This is not just about manufacturing components, but also ensuring that the products meet specifications, are delivered on time, and have complete documentation. This operational model that can be directly put into export requires many years to establish, and Yuhuan has already gained a first-mover advantage in this regard.
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Many bathroom hardware items look exactly the same on the shelves - the same warm golden color, the same surface treatment. But one is made of pure brass, while the other has a zinc or iron base with a thin layer of brass coating on top. The degree of their age varies greatly, and the price difference is also very obvious.
Here is how you can determine what you have in your hands.
Pick it up and feel its weight.
Solid brass is significantly heavier when the volume is the same. If the faucet or towel rack feels light or hollow, it may not be solid brass. Components with a brass coating usually have an internal zinc alloy or stamped steel, both of which are lighter in weight. This is a quick preliminary check, and in most cases, it can effectively determine the material.
Try a magnet
Brass is not magnetic. If you place a small magnet close to the metal piece, if it can be attracted, it means the base is iron or steel, that is, the coating exists, rather than pure solid material. If the magnet cannot be attracted at all, it is a good sign, but it cannot completely rule out the zinc alloy core material either, because they are also not magnetic. However, through the magnetic test, you can immediately rule out a large number of counterfeits in just two seconds.
Check the edges, corners and worn areas
Brass-coated hardware items usually show wear on the edges and the areas with larger contact surfaces. You may see a different color inside, silver, gray, or slightly red. While solid brass products wear more evenly, they gradually form a natural oxide layer instead of peeling off or falling off. If you purchase second-hand items or inspect old objects, please carefully check the corner parts.